Liste des documents
Theoreticalmodelling for calculation of the energydensities of adsorption sites using inverse gaschromatography
The inverse gas chromatography is used to determine the energy densities of theadsorption sites of the stationary solid phase. The use of this technique is old anddates back to the 1940s. The many possibilities offered by this method are describedin several works. This work is an attempt to explore some adsorption local isothermmodels in order to determine the energy density of the adsorption sites. It involves theuse of integral equations of the first kind which are known to be numerically instable.These integral equations were solved by two different methods of solution. One isbased on the use of Taylor series expansions and the other uses the Stieltjes transform.Some interesting theoretical and numerical results are presented. Voir les détails
Mots clés : adsorption, Integral equations, Adsorption isotherms, energy
Annealing duration in?uence on dip-coated CZTS thin ?lms properties obtained by sol-gel method
The e?ect of annealing duration on structural and optical properties of dip-coated crystallineCZTS thin ?lms was studied. The obtained samples were investigated by several techniques suchas XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence. Being con-?rmed by Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis reveals the formation of kesterite tetragonal phasewith preferential orientation along (112) direction. The grain size tends to increase as the an- nealing duration increases, a result con?rmed by SEM. The last shows smooth, uniform, homo-geneous and densely packed grains. Optical measurement analysis reveals that layers have re- latively high absorption coe?cient in the visible spectrum with a band gap reduction of1.62−1.50 eV which is quite close to the optimum value for a solar cell. The photoluminescence distinguishes broad bands that have maximums of intensity limited between 1.50 and 1.62 eV, corresponding to the optical band gap of the CZTS. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Kesterite, sol-gel, Thin films, Dip-coating CZTS, Photoluminescence
Annealing duration influence on dip-coated CZTS thin films properties obtained by sol-gel method
The effect of annealing duration on structural and optical properties of dip-coated crystallineCZTS thin films was studied. The obtained samples were investigated by several techniques suchas XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence. Being con-firmed by Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis reveals the formation of kesterite tetragonal phasewith preferential orientation along (112) direction. The grain size tends to increase as the an- nealing duration increases, a result confirmed by SEM. The last shows smooth, uniform, homo-geneous and densely packed grains. Optical measurement analysis reveals that layers have re- latively high absorption coefficient in the visible spectrum with a band gap reduction of1.62−1.50 eV which is quite close to the optimum value for a solar cell. The photoluminescence distinguishes broad bands that have maximums of intensity limited between 1.50 and 1.62 eV,corresponding to the optical band gap of the CZTS.Kesterite,Sol-gel,Thin-film,Dip-coating,CZTS,Photoluminescence Voir les détails
Mots clés : Kesterite, sol-gel, Thin-film, Dip-Coating, CZTS, Photoluminescence
Optimization of TIG Welding Process Parameters for X70-304LDissimilar Joint Using Taguchi Method
The optimization of mechanical properties of the welded joints requires a statisticalapproach such as Taguchi experimental designs associated with experimental techniques andlaboratory characterizations. The aim of this work is to propose a method of optimization of themechanical performances of a TIG dissimilar welding of two grades of steels: a high strength lowalloy steel X70 and an austenitic stainless steel 304L. The experimental designs were chosenaccording to the Taguchi method L9. The metallurgical characterization includes opticalmicroscopy, SEM microscopy, EDX analyses and mechanical tests to establish a relationshipbetween welding parameters, microstructures and mechanical behavior in different dissimilar weldregions. The results showed that the hardness is more strongly related to microstructural evolutionthan tensile strength of dissimilar joint. It was found that gas flow is the main significant TIGwelding parameter affecting dissimilar weld characteristics. Voir les détails
Mots clés : hardness, tensile test, ANOVA, Dissimilar welds, Taguchi method
Arc Voltage Signals-Based Flicker Effect Analysis Using SampEn Multi-scale Entropy Algorithm
Real-time monitoring in the steel and metallurgical production sector is of great importance. To ensurecompetitiveness, the industrial process will have to innovate and evolve towards better quality. Therefore, the monitoring of the voltage signal in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) has a vital role in keeping a nominal operation of electrical components in order to achieve high performance. A new monitoring method based on multi-scale Sample Entropy (SampEn) (MSE) algorithm for EAF voltage flicker is proposed. In the proposed method, different percentages of flicker effect analysis are presented. The current voltage characteristic of the EAF in conjunction with MSE and comparison of observed values with those predicted from a Cassie and Mayr model built using nominally healthy data are analysed. In order to achieve the classification procedure, five extracted features are used to adapt the subtractive clustering network for each state of the flicker effect and the performance of the classifier during the training is given with success. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), Power quality, Voltage flicker, Voltage unbalance, SampEn Multi-scale entropy algorithm, subtractive clustering
Numerical study of parameters affecting pressure drop of power-law fluid in horizontal annulus for laminar and turbulent flows
Efficient hydraulics program of oil and gas wells has a crucial role for the optimization of drilling process. In the present paper, a numerical study of power-law fluid flow through concentric (E = 0.0) and eccentric annulus (E = 0.3, E = 0.6 and E = 0.9) was performed for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes utilizing a finite volume method. The effects of inner pipe rotation, flow behavior index and diameter ratio on the pressure drop were studied; furthermore, the appearance and development of secondary flow as well as its impact on the pressure drop gradient were evaluated. Results indicated that the increment of the inner pipe rotation from 0 to 400 rpm is found to decrease pressure drop gradient for laminar flow in concentric annulus while a negligible effect is observed for turbulent flow. The beginning of secondary flow formation in the wide region part of the eccentric annulus (E = 0.6) induces an increase of 9% and a slight increase in pressure drop gradient for laminar and turbulent flow, respectively. On the other hand, the variation of the flow behavior index and diameter ratio from low to high values caused a dramatic increase in the pressure drop. Streamlines in the annulus showed that the secondary flow is mainly induced by eccentricity of the inner pipe where both high values of diameter ratio and low values of flow behavior index tend to prevent the secondary flow to appear. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Power-law fluid Pressure drop Secondary flow
CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON ORE AND SCALE FOR SYNTHESIZING VINYL PAINT
As part of the development of iron ore deposits in Algeria and a concern for the preservation of the environment, we are planning to characterize two materials for a possible synthesis of vinyl paint in this study. Iron ore is a red iron oxide pigment with an oolitic structure containing phosphorus. The second material is a steel by-product (scale) that should be recycled. This study covers the characterization of these two components through Chemical analysis, Particle size analysis, Thermal analysis (TGA, DSC), the Observation by SEM, X-Ray Diffraction analysis and Spectrophotometric analysis. Chemical analysis showed that the pigment contains 53.18% of total iron and mostly the gangue is dominated by silica and alumina. Scale in turn contains 73.83% of iron in the form of iron oxides (FeO, Fe3O4 and Fe2O3). Grinding tests illustrated that the scale is much more suitable for grinding than pigment. The granulometric analysis gave a volume distribution of the particles with a size between 0.7 and 32 µm for scale and 0.6 to 40 µm for the pigment and their specific areas are 1.6 and 1.5 m2/g. TGA and DSC showed that the iron pigment loses weight with phase dissolution by consuming energy when the temperature increases. Scale gains weight by the formation of a new phase with heat. Scanning electron microscope of red iron pigment showed a grain aggregate formed rounded over at least iron oxide and gangue. The EDS analysis illustrated a predominance of iron with four predominant oxides in the case of iron ore deposits. Chemical elements forming these four oxides are silicon, calcium, aluminum and magnesium. The SEM of scale showed a homogeneous structure composed of sizes of iron oxide grains and shapes ranging from 1 µm to 10 µm. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the iron in the pigment is in the form of hematite (Fe2O3) and goethite (FeO(OH)). A tiny portion is combined with silica as fayalite (Fe2SiO4). The iron in the calamine is in the form of the three oxides (FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). Spectrophotometric tests showed that both materials have virtually no absorption and maximum reflection (100%) in the visible range Voir les détails
Mots clés : Pigment iron, scale (calamine), Simultaneous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Spectrophotometry
Investigation of the Effect of Aluminum Alloy Position on ResidualStresses in Dissimilar fsw Weld by Using the Ultrasonic Method
The main goal of this study is to show the effect of the advancing side (AD) and theretreating side (RT) position on the Residual stresses and local mechanical behaviour ofdissimilar friction stir welds of aluminum alloys AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6. Different sampleswere produced by varying the rotational speed of the tool (1200 and 1400 rpm) and the alloyposition regarding the advancing side of the tool. Ultrasonic Method has been used to evaluateResidual Stresses. This method is based on the acoustoelastic effect, which measures the velocityvariation of the elastic waves according to the stress state of the material. This can be achievedthrough a calibration test, which permits the determination of the acoustoelastic coefficient (K).The results show a tensile stress in the Nugget (N), the heat affected zone (HAZ) and acompression stress in the base metal (BM). Increasing the rotational speed reduces the amplitudeof the longitudinal residual stresses with a high reduction in the case where AA7075 - T6 is inthe advancing side whit 1400 rpm. This has been directly associated to the increase in the heatinput and the reduction of the thermal mismatch between different areas of the weld. Themicrostructure effect of aluminum alloy position acts on the acoustoelastic constant K. Thechoice of t0 corrects the overestimated residual stresses in the (HAZ) and (N). Voir les détails
Mots clés : FSW, contraintes résiduelles, microstructure, comportement mécanique, corrélation d'image numérique
Tomographic Image Reconstruction in the Case of Limited Number of X-Ray Projections Using Sinogram Inpainting
In many medicine and industry applications, a precise X-ray tomography reconstruction of the internal objects structure is of great importance for reliable interpretation data. The tomography allows obtaining a spatial distribution of the internal materials structure. In certain experiments conditions, the projection data acquisition is guided by angle limitations or a restricted angle, this requires a subsampling of the projections number or a partial data absence. Accordingly, the reconstructed images may suffer from severe artefacts especially with the presence of noise. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to propose a tomographic image reconstruction method based on FBP associated to sinogram inpainting. The studied inpainting technique is based on first order variational methods such as the Chambolle-Pock algorithm. This method allows the quality improvement of the reconstruction images tomographic with reduced number of projection. The PSNR is improved by 7 to 10 dB in the reconstructed image compared to the classical FBP reconstruction. Voir les détails
Mots clés : x-ray tomographic, image reconstruction
Segmentation of Weld Defects Using Multiphase Level Set by the Piecewise-Smooth Mumford-Shah Model
This paper deals with the problem of the X-ray image segmentation used to detect weld defects for a non-destructive testing task. In this work we have implemented a multiphase method using the Mumford and Shah piecewise smooth model to extract the size and the texture information of defect and its region. Using this model which is more robust to the noise and less sensitive to the position of the initial curve, we have obtained a maximum of information for several regions in the X-ray image (the geometry of weld beads and defects). Our results show that the model developed can do at the same time the image segmentation and restoration. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Level set