Liste des documents
LES PROPRIETES OPTIQUES ET ELECTRIQUES DES COUCHES MINCES DE ZnO DEPOSEES PAR PULVERISATION CATHODIQUE A BASSE PRESSION.
Les propriétés des couches minces de l’oxyde de zinc (ZnO) (optiques, électriques) déposées par pulvérisation (DC) dépendent fortement des conditions de dépôt comme la composition de phase du gaz, les conditions de plasma et la température de dépôt. Des couches minces de ZnO ont été déposées par pulvérisation (DC) d'une cible métallique de Zinc en utilisant un plasma d’un mélange de gaz (argon, oxygène) avec une pressions totale ne dépasse pas 1 mbar et à une température de 100 ° C. Ces couches sont caractérisées par la transmission optique UV visible, mesures de conductivité électrique, mesures Raman. Les mesures de transmission optique des couches montrent que la transmission optique est très élevée (facteur de transmission) dans la gamme de longueurs d’ondes située entre 400nm et 2500 nm et elle variée en fonction des conditions d’élaboration comme est présenté sur la figure 2a. Les mesures électriques I-V et I-T mettent en évidence l’effet de la pression dans la chambre de dépôt sur la conductivité et l’énergie d’activation des couches élaborées. Voir les détails
Mots clés : pulvérisation réactive, oxyde de zinc, propriétés optiques, caractérisation structurale, conductivité électrique.
Caractérisation des couches mincespar les techniques optiques.
Dans ce travail nous avons utilisé des techniquesoptiques et structurales pour caractériser des couches minces deZnO déposées par pulvérisation cathodique sur des substrats deverre corning et silicium monocristallin. Nous avons utilisé laspectroscopie Raman pour analyser le type de la structure descouches mince (ZnO) élaborées ainsi que la diffraction des rayonsX.Les caractérisations optiques comportent le relevé destransmittances dans l’UV-Visible et les paramètres optiques telque les indices de réfraction des couches et leurs épaisseurs, lesmesures de la photoluminescence pour déduire le gap des coucheset les niveaux des défauts dans le matériau.Les caractérisations structurales (diffraction des rayons X etRaman) mettent en évidence une structure hexagonale würtzitede ZnO, Les mesures de transmission optique des couchesmontrent que la transmission optique est très élevée (facteur detransmission) dans la gamme de longueurs d’ondes situées entre 400nm et 2500 nm. Voir les détails
Mots clés : pulvérisation réactive, oxyde de zinc, propriétés optiques, caractérisation structurale, conductivité électrique.
Ultrasonic Flaw Detection in Composite Materials Using SSP-MPSD Algorithm
Due to the inherent inhomogeneous and anisotropy nature of the composite materials, the detection of internal defects in these materials with non-destructive techniques is an important requirement both for quality checks during the production phase and in service inspection during maintenance operations. The estimation of the time-of-arrival (TOA) and/or time-of-flight (TOF) of the ultrasonic echoes is essential in ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT). In this paper, we used split-spectrum processing (SSP) combined with matching pursuit signal decomposition (MPSD) to develop a dedicated ultrasonic detection system. SSP algorithm is used for Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) enhancement, and the MPSD algorithm is used to decompose backscattered signals into a linear expansion of chirplet echoes and estimate the chirplet parameters. Therefore, the combination of SSP and MPSD (SSP-MPSD) presents a powerful technique for ultrasonic NDT. The SSP algorithm is achieved by using Gaussian band pass filters. Then, MPSD algorithm uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The good performance of the proposed method is experimentally verified using ultrasonic traces acquired from three specimens of carbon fibre reinforced polymer multi-layered composite materials (CFRP). Voir les détails
Mots clés : Non-Destructive testing, Ultrasonics, Carbon fibre, Defects, Signal processing
Ultrasonic flaw detection using threshold modified S-transform
Interference noising originating from the ultrasonic testing defect signal seriously influences the accuracy of the signal extraction and defect location. Time–frequency analysis methods are mainly used to improve the defects detection resolution. In fact, the S-transform, a hybrid of the Short time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT), has a time frequency resolution which is far from ideal. In this paper, a new modified S-transform based on thresholding technique, which offers a better time frequency resolution compared to the original S-transform is proposed. The improvement is achieved by the introduction of a new scaling rule for the Gaussian window used in S-transform. Simulation results are presented and show correct time frequency information of multiple Gaussian echoes under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. In addition, experimental results demonstrate better and reliable detection of close echoes drowned in the noise. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Flaw detection, Ultrasonic signal, Time–frequency signal analysis, Modified S-transform
Precipitation kinetics and mechanical behavior in a solution treated and aged dual phase stainless steel
The precipitation kinetics and the mechanical behaviour in a solution treated and aged dual phase stainless steel (DSS) are investigated. X-Ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques are used to characterize the microstructure and to identify its constituents. The precipitation kinetics analysis shows that the ferrite to σ phase transformation follows the modified Johnson Mehl Avrami (JMA) model containing an impingement parameter c that is adjusted to 0.3. Activation energies calculation leads to conclude that interface reaction is the main mechanism that controls the σ phase formation. Detailed analysis of the extent of the different tensile deformation domains reveals the significant contribution of both σ phase particles and dislocation accumulation to the strain hardening of the material Voir les détails
Mots clés : alloys, aging, microstructure, mechanical properties
Spatial convolution of a stress field analyzed by X-ray diffraction
X-ray stress analysis suffers from homogeneity limitations of the stress field in the analyzed volume. When this homogeneity is not fulfilled, it is possible to reduce the irradiated volume down to stress homogeneity achievement. New limitation however occurs : the diffracting sites become too few for stress homogenization. We show that the diffractometry analysis corresponds to a spatially convoluted stress field. The inverse convolution problem is posed. An example of regularization method is given. Voir les détails
Mots clés : XRD stress measurement, spatial convolution, stress gradient, inverse problem
Characteristics of a high Tc superconducting rectangular microstrip patch on uniaxially anisotropic substrate
Resonant characteristics of a high Tc superconducting rectangular microstrip patch printed on uniaxially anisotropic substrate are investigated using a full-wave spectral analysis in conjunction with the complex resistive boundary condition. The uniaxial medium shows anisotropy of an electric type as well as anisotropy of a magnetic type. Both permittivity and permeability tensors of the substrate are included in the formulation of the dyadic Green’s function of the problem. The accuracy of the analysis is tested by comparing the computed results with previously published data for several anisotropic substrate materials. Numerical data of the resonant frequency and bandwidth as a function of electric anisotropy ratio are presented. Variations of the resonant frequency and bandwidth with the magnetic anisotropy ratio are also given. Finally, results showing the influence of the temperature on the resonant frequency and quality factor of the high Tc superconducting rectangular microstrip patch on a uniaxial substrate are also given. Voir les détails
Mots clés : superconducting microstrip patch, Anisotropic substrate, Permittivity and permeability tensors
Bacterial foraging optimisation and method of moments for modelling and optimisation of microstrip antennas
A novel technique applying bacterial foraging optimisation (BFO) in conjunction with the method of moments (MOM) is developed to calculate accurately the resonant frequency and bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna of any dimension and of any substrate thickness. The resonant frequency results obtained by using (BFO/MOM) algorithm are in very good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. The computation time is greatly reduced as compared with the classical MOM. Furthermore, the idea of this paper can be used for calculating the various parameters of microstrip antennas of different structures and geometries. Voir les détails
Mots clés : method of moments, microstrip antennas, natural frequencies, bacterial foraging, Computation time, Different structure, Method of moments (MOM), Modelling and optimisation, Novel techniques, Rectangular-microstrip antennas, Substrate thickness
Chemical Sensor Array Modeling: Application to Resistive Based Chemo Sensors
The aim of paper is to develop analytical mathematical models that describe the thermo dynamical equilibrium of resistive chemical sensor arrays /mixture of vapors multi-system. By using the Gibbs Duhem formalism, state equations in differential form, that the variations of intensive quantities (e.g. sensors partial sensitivity) as function of the gas mixture components concentrations and sensor array parameters describe, have been developed. Moreover, the responses of the sensor arrays as function of gas mixture components concentrations were modeled. Voir les détails
Mots clés : resistive chemo-sensors, sensor array, vapors mixture, modeling, Metal Oxide Sensors (MOS), Conducting Polymer Sensors
Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization for Manufacturing Systems
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed in our research to generate Fuzzy Controller, a fuzzy logic control (FLC) is proposed to control manufacturing system presented by m-machine line as an m-order state-space. As results indicated, use particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for optimizing a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for manufacturing system is better than that of fuzzy logic control (FLC) not optimized and applying fuzzy keeping the production demand. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO, fuzzy logic control, FLC, manufacturing system