Liste des documents
Thermal spray metallisation of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites Effect of top surface modification on coating adhesion and mechanical properties
Thermal Spray TS processes are used to enhance the surface properties of Polymer Matrix Composites. However, poor adhesion and mechanical degradation are usually experienced. The main objective of this work is to investigate the effect of the modification of the top surface of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer CFRP substrate on the TS deposition of metallic coatings. CFRP composite panels were manufactured with different upper layers I pure epoxy overflow layer, II pure copper powder filler layer, III mixture copper and stainless steel powder filler layer, and IV aluminium mesh layer. The top layers of the CFRP substrates were manufactured during the forming process. Arc Spray, one of the TS processes, was used to deposit zinc coating onto the manufactured CFRP panels. The substrates were sandblasted before the TS process to enhance the adhesion of the deposited zinc to the substrate. The quality of the coatings including adhesion and mechanical properties was investigated using tensile adhesion and bending test, respectively. The porosity, microstructure, morphology and surface fracture of the metallised CFRP coupons were characterized using optical and electronical microscopy techniques. The results obtained revealed that pure epoxy top layer did not resist to sandblasting prior to TS process, contrary to the substrates with fillers and mesh top layer. Moreover, the aluminium based mesh layer improved the adhesion strength by about 50 percent. Bending test results indicated that coating on CFRP composites decreased their mechanical properties. However, the use of a metallic mesh layer reduced the degradation effect of spraying. Voir les détails
Mots clés : CFRP composite, Zn coating, Arc spray, Filler layer, Adhesion strength
Electrochemical behavior, characterization and corrosion protection properties of poly(bithiophene + 2-methylfuran) copolymer coatings on A304 stainless steel
Polybithiophene (PBTh), poly(2-methylfuran) (PMeFu) and poly(bithiophene + 2-methylfuran) noted poly(BTh + MeFu) copolymer films were synthesized by electrochemical deposition on 304-stainless steel, from an acetonitrile (ACN) solution containing 10−2 m bithiophene, 10−2 m 2-methylfuran and 10−1 m lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), by cyclic voltammetry (CV) between 0 V and 2 V vs. SCE, with a scan rate of 50 mV · s−1. The copolymers coated were studied in a corrosive sulfuric acid medium (H2SO4 1 N) using the potensiodynamique polarization method and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Copolymers coated characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The polarization curves show that the copolymer film formed on A304, shifts the corrosion potential towards more positive potentials. The presence of the poly(BTh + MeFu) improves the corrosion resistance of the metal in a corrosive medium, H2SO4. This protection against corrosion is caused by the barrier effect of the layer of copolymer, which covers the surface of the A304 stainless steel against the aggressive ions of the corrosive medium. Voir les détails
Mots clés : 2-methylfuran, bithiophene, copolymers, protection against corrosion, stainless steel.
Computational study of droplet breakup in a trapped channel configurationusing volume of fluid method
Computational Fluid Dynamics is performed to numerically investigate the droplet breakup of water in oil intrapped channel configuration. The volume-of-fluid (VOF) method based the commercial code FLUENT isadopted to track the interface. Two designs are suggested to study the effect of flow conditions parameters andouter channel size on the droplet breakup mode, droplet generation frequency and size. As a function of thevelocity ratio, droplets are formed in two modes, dripping mode: droplets were generated closed to the nozzle, itwas identified at low capillary number (Ca<0.005) and jetting mode: droplets were produced after a long jet,where the capillary number Ca varies from 0.01 to 0.025. The numerical results indicated the collection channeldiameter plays potential role in the determination of droplet size and droplet generation frequency, the shearforces excreted by the continuous phase on the dispersed thread are reduced in the wider model leading to havedroplets much bigger than the narrow model, the latter produced small droplets due the high shear stressgenerated in the confinement region. Furthermore, the droplet frequency and size are found to be stronglydependent on the capillary velocity ratio. However, increasing the flow velocity ratio in both models leadsdroplets to be generated in high frequency, while the droplet length was decreasing. This work also demonstratesthat the VOF method is an effective way to simulate the droplets breakup in trapped channel geometry. Voir les détails
Mots clés : T. Chekifi
Simulation and Modeling of Uncertainties in the Calibration
Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation are ofmajor importance for the declaration of conformity of finishedproducts. Models must be sought to analyze the test data. Themain objective of this work is to establish reliable models toanalyze our experimental data and validate them. So we havestudied and used the Monte Carlo and Bootstrap simulationmethods, we have been able to realize programs that calculate theuncertainty according to the ISO 8466 standard on X-rayfluorescence spectrometer samples from the URASM CRTIchemical analysis laboratory. Programs and interfaces are madewith Matlab (GUI). Voir les détails
Mots clés : simulation, Uncertainties, Monte Carlo, Bootstrap, calibration
Corrosion E?ects on the Magnetic Behavior of Magnetic Circuitof an Induction Machine
In This paper, the e?ect of corrosion on the magnetic behavior of a magnetic material usedas a magnetic circuit in the induction machines is studied. With this objective, the magnetic propertiesof the samples with corrosion and without corrosion were evaluated by the study of hysteresis loopsusing a homemade vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic parameters extracted from thehysteresis loops such as saturation magnetization, coercive, remanent magnetization, squareness ratio,magnetic permeability, and hysteresis area were analyzed. It was shown that more energy is required todemagnetize the sample with corrosion than the sample without corrosion, and the hysteresis loss in thecase of the sample with corrosion is more than the case of the sample without corrosion. These meanthat when the corrosion is presented in the magnetic circuits of the induction machine, the hysteresisloss increases, consequentially reducing the machine e?ciency. Voir les détails
Mots clés : corrosion, magnetic behavior, hysteresis loops
DAMAGE MODELLING IN THERMOPLASTIC LAMINATES REINFORCED WITH STEEL AND GLASS FIBRES UNDER QUASI-STATIC INDENTATION LOADING AT LOW-VELOCITY
This paper deals with experimental and numerical investigations of the composites damages with ductile and fragile reinforcement under quasi-static indentation loading. The main goal of the work is to increase the postdamage residual strength and ductility of thermoplastic composite. Two types of composite laminates with polypropylene (PP) matrix are tested: glass fibre laminate (GFPP) and steel fine wire mesh laminate (SWPP). The specimens are [0° 90°]2s stacking sequence and prepared by using a compression moulding technique. Quasi-static indentation tests were performed with two distinct penetration scales under low velocity (1.2 mm/min). The diameter of the hemispherical indenter is 16 mm. The failure mechanisms of composite layers were examined by the field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the failure mode of SWPP laminates is principally dominated by the plastic deformation component. In contrast, the GFPP laminate exhibits a fragile behaviour which is related to the fragile failure of glass fibres. In addition, the SEM shows that matrix cracking, fibre breakage, debonding and fibre pull out are the major damages observed around the indentation area. A model based on the combined use of plasticity, damage and fracture, was developed and applied to simulate quasi-static indentation behaviour and predict the resulting damage. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Indentation, laminates, damage, modelling, thermoplastics, energy absorption
Identification of the elasto-viscoplastic parameters for a thermoplastic polymer by instrumented indentation
The indentation test is a simple, fast and reliable tool that allows the determination of the materials mechanical properties from experimental load-penetration curves using the inverse computation methods. Through this approach and using the Berkovich indenter, the creep and elasto-plastic properties of the polymers were estimated. Simulations of the elasto-viscoplastic behaviour of the studied polymers under nanoindentation tests were performed. A finite element analysis was carried out to simulate the mechanical behaviour of polymers which can be defined by the Young's modulus E and the parameters (K and n) that describe the materials hardening for large deformations. The obtained functions from the numerical simulations were validated by nanoindentation and compression tests for the studied polymers. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Nano-indentation, polymers, inverse computation methods
Effect of Geometrical Parameters on Vortex Fluidic Oscillators Operating with Gases and Liquids
The fluidic oscillator is an interesting device developed for passive flow measurement. These microsystems can produce a high oscillating jet frequency with high flow velocity. The main advantages of fluidic oscillators are that no moving parts is included in the device. Commercial CFD code FLUENT was used to perform analysis of flows in fluidic oscillator. Numerical simulations were carried out for different flow conditions, where water and air were used as working fluids. The oscillation frequencies were identified by the discrete fast Fourier transform method (FFT). Furthermore a low-pressure vortex of fluid flow in the oscillating chamber was observed. The effect of the operating pressure and the oscillating chamber shape on the fluidic oscillator performance is investigated. Moreover the velocity fluctuations of the feedback flows through both feedback channels and the output were determined quantitatively. In addition, the behaviour of the low-pressure vortex in both models is analysed. Also, numerical result revealed small vortices are developed at the end of nozzle while oscillation, which maintains the deflection of jet flow between attachments wall. Comparison of our numerical simulations with available results showed reasonably and good agreement. Voir les détails
Mots clés : fluidic oscillator, CFD, oscillating chamber, vortex, size effect, Coanda effect.
Elaboration and characterization of ITO electrode modi?ed bytransition metal dispersed into polyaniline thin ?lms
This work presents the characteristics of composite materials thin ?lms of polyaniline (PAni) andnickel (Ni) particles deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The electropolymerizationof aniline was performed in acidic medium by potentiodynamic methods. The nickel particleswere electrochemically deposited on the surface of PAni/ITO by reducing metal ions (Ni) usinga potentiostatic method from a separate solution. The e?ect of applied potential as well as immersingtime of complexation on the amount of nickel dispersed was investigated. Di?erentcharacterization techniques were employed to study the electrochemical behavior and surfacecharacteristics of the Ni-PAni/ITO thin ?lms such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visSpectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).The morphology of the obtained composites shows a uniform dispersion of nickel particlesonto the polyaniline matrix and reveals that the immersing times of complexation has a signi?cante?ect on the amount of incorporated particles. The impedance spectroscopy study revealsthat the conductivity of the composite ?lm increases with the amount of nickel incorporated.UV–vis and FTIR results con?rm the presence of PAni and Ni particles on theelectrode surface. Voir les détails
Mots clés : polyaniline, Electro-polymerization, Nickel particles, Chronoamperometry, Materials composites
Correlation Between the Pitting Potential Evolution and σσ Phase Precipitation Kinetics in the 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
The aim of this work is to correlate the pitting potential (Epit) evolution with the kinetics ofrphaseprecipitation in the 2205 duplex stainless steel aged at 850°C after solution treatment at 1150°C. Thepotentiodynamic polarization curves indicate a reduction of the pitting corrosion resistance with the agingtime, which is revealed by a decrease in theEpitvalues from 0.65 to 0.40 VSCE. Thus,Epitvalues are used todetermine the kinetics parameters of therphase precipitation. The experimental transformed fractionagrees well with the one calculated by using the modified Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equationwith an impingement parameterc= 0.6. Voir les détails
Mots clés : kinetic, KJMA, Pitting corrosion, otentiodynamic polarization, r phase precipitation