Electrotechnique
ModÈlisation de l’hystérésis dans les matériaux magnétiques en utilisant l’approche de Jiles-Atherton
Les matÈriaux magnÈtiques jouent un rÙle crucial en gÈnie Èlectrique en permettant la conception et la fabrication de composants et de systËmes Èlectriques performants, fiables et efficaces. Ces matÈriaux sont habituellement ferromagnÈtiques et leur loi de comportement magnÈtique est fortement non linÈaire, caractÈrisÈ par une signature appelÈe hystÈrÈsis. La dÈtermination prÈcise de l’hystérésis dans ces dispositifs est une prÈoccupation majeure de l'Èlectrotechnicien pour optimiser les appareils et machines Èlectriques sur les plans Èconomique et technique. L'objectif de cette Ètude est de modÈliser l’hystérésis dans les matÈriaux magnÈtiques. Il existe dans la littÈrature plusieurs modËles pour dÈcrire ce comportement. Parmi ces modËles, nous avons adoptÈ celui de Jiles-Atherton pour la modélisation de l’hystérésis en rÈgimes statique et dynamique. Voir les détails
Mots clés : MatÈriaux magnÈtiques, hystÈrÈsis magnÈtique, modÈlisation, modËle de Jiles-Atherton.
Multiyear Load Growth Based Techno-Financial Li-ion Discharge and Corrosion Behaviors in a Microgrid Located in Algeria
The primary current-collector materials used in lithium-ion cells, aluminum and copper, are both susceptible to environmental degradation. Localized corrosion occurred on bare aluminum electrodes during simulated ambient-temperature cycling in an excess of electrolyte. The highly oxidizing potential associated with the positive electrode charge condition was the most important factor. In contrast to typical aqueous electrolyte pitting, each site was filled with a mixed metal/metal-oxide product, forming surface mounds or nodules. The status quo for relaying such confidence is economic and technical planning models, which are used to design microgrids and distributed energy resources DER. Long-term DER investments and short-term DER dispatch are typically determined by these models. This paper investigates the optimal cost analysis of a hybrid (photovoltaic-diesel) renewable energy system (HRES) in the Adrar region based on the Total Net Present Cost (TNPC). The Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable is used to perform the optimal cost analysis of HRES. Furthermore, the system is simulated for each time step for each year of the project's 20-year lifespan. The trade-off for this model, which captures battery storage levels from year to year, photovoltaic performance degradation, and diesel cost escalation above the inflation rate, is that the model is more precise, but the calculation takes longer. To begin, we ran the model without MultiYear and used the Optimizer to find the best system design. The optimal system for the single-year model includes a Danvest generator with 760 kW, 200 kWh of recommended Li-ion storage, and a slightly lower COE of $0.309/kWh. Various scenarios have been simulated, taking into account variations in the power production of the gasified biomass generator, and various solutions to ensure the balance generation/consumption have been analyzed. Voir les détails
Mots clés : corrosion, Diesel, Financial planning optimization, Hybrid energy system (HES), Li-ion battery, Multi-year planning, Microgrid, Photovoltaic, Technical planning optimization, total net present cost
Diagnostic des défauts et contrôle non destructif des tôles magnétiques des transformateurs de puissance Pratique : Centre de Recherche en Technologies Industrielles
Les transformateurs de puissance sont des éléments clés des systèmes électriques et leurs défaillances sont très coûteuses. Cette thèse présente une étude comparative entre les caractéristiques électromagnétiques et thermiques d’une tôle magnétique saine d’un transformateur et une tôle corrodée. Les paramètres magnétiques extraits des boucles d'hystérésis telles que l'aimantation à saturation, l'aimantation coercitive, rémanente, la perméabilité magnétique et la zone d'hystérésis ont été analysées. Il a été démontré que la perte d'hystérésis dans le cas de l'échantillon avec corrosion est supérieure au cas de l'échantillon sans corrosion. Les paramètres électriques et thermiques sont également dégradés. Voir les détails
Mots clés : transformateur de puissance, corrosion, pertes, champ magnétique, distribution de la température.
A novel nature-inspired maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller based on ACO-ANN algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) system fed arc welding machines
In this paper, a metaheuristic optimized multilayer feed?forward artificial neural network (ANN) controller is proposed to extract the maximum power from available solar energy for a three-phase shunt active power filter (APF) grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system supplying an arc welding machine. Firstly, in order to improve the maximum power point (MPP) delivered by PV arrays and to overcome the drawbacks in the conventional MPPT method under irradiation variation, a hybrid MPPT controller is designed, in which the input parameters include the PV array voltage and current, and the output parameter is the duty cycle of the DC/DC boost converter. The proposed approach abbreviated as ANN-ACO MPPT controller is based on an ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm which is useful to train the developed ANN and to evolve the connection weights and biases to get the optimal values of duty cycle converter corresponding to the MPP of a PV array. Secondly, aiming to meet the various grid requirements such as power quality improvement, distortion free signals etc., a three-phase shunt APF is utilized, and a direct power control algorithm is designed for distributing the solar energy between the DC-link capacitor, arc welding machine and the AC grid. Finally, the performance of proposed control system is confirmed by simulation tests on a 12.2 kW PV system. Both simulation and experimental results have demonstrated that the deigned ANN-ACO MPPT controller can provide a better MPP tracking with a faster speed and a high robustness with a minimal steady-state oscillation than those obtained with the conventional INC method. Also, with the use of a three-phase shunt APF, all the power fluctuations from the arc welding machine disturbances are damped out and the output active and reactive power become controllable. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Solar Photovoltaic (PV) system, DC/DC boost converter, three-phase shunt APF, Hybrid ACO-ANN MPPT control, Feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm, Arc welding machine
Design and real?time implementation of an adaptive fast terminalsynergetic controller based on dual RBF neural networks for voltagecontrol of DC–DC step?down converter
In this study, an improved Adaptive Fast Terminal Synergetic Controller (AFTSC) using Dual Radial Basis Function (RBF)Neural Networks (NNs) for output voltage control of an uncertain DC/DC step-down converters is proposed. Using theconsidered AFTSC, the with new manifold proposed here enables the DC/DC step-down converter’s state variables to trackthe preferred reference voltage in presence of disturbances from any initial condition with proper precision and limited time.To rendering the design more robust, a sort of dual RBFNNs are utilized to approximate in real-time unknown converternon-linear dynamics and reduce the modeling error without calling upon usual model linearization and simplifcations. Thestability of the closed-loop system is assured by means of the Lyapunov method. Considering the PWM DC–DC step-downconverter as an example, the considered adaptive RBFNN-FTSC law is studied in detail and implemented on a dSPACEds1103 card. All the simulation and experimental results illustrate the efciency and feasibility of the suggested controller. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Synergetic control (SC), Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), · Fast terminal technique, Limited time, DC/DC step-down converter
Etude du Comportement de la barrièreisolante en vue de son optimisation
Ce travail concerneune étude expérimentale du comportement d'un intervalle isolant pointe-plan lorsqu'on lui insère une barrière isolante sous tension alternative et onde de choc de foudre positive. Il s'agit d'examiner la variation de la tension de disruption en fonction des dimensions géométriques de la barrière, de sa position dans l'intervalle et de sa nature. L'examen de l'effet de la pollution est aussi entrevu. En plus de la tension disruptive, les essais se sont intéressés à la forme de la décharge.Les résultats expérimentaux ont été exploités pour établir un modèle numérique basé sur le calcul de la répartition du champ électrique et l'évolution aléatoire de la décharge.Ce modèle reproduit fidèlement les formes de décharges et détermine avec une bonne précision l'efficacité de la barrière en fonction de la largeur, son épaisseur et sa position Voir les détails
Mots clés : isolant solide, système pointe-plan, décharge électrique, efficacité, modélisation numérique
Fractional-Fuzzy PID Control Approach ofPhotovoltaic-Wire Feeder System (PV-WFS):Simulation and HIL-Based ExperimentalInvestigation
The utilization of solar photovoltaic (PV) generator as a power source for wire feedersystems (WFSs) of arc welding machines is one of the promising domains in solar PV applications. Thisarticle proposes a new type of welding WFS and investigates the PV penetrated energy systems. Theproposed system comprises of a solar PV generator, a DC/DC buck converter, and a permanent magnet DC(PMDC) motor. The power of the proposed standalone solar photovoltaic-wire feeder system (PV-WFS)can be widely improved using an intelligent fractional-order fuzzy proportional integral derivative (FOFuzzy-PID) regulator based on perturbing and observe (P&O) MPPT method. In this article, a FO-FuzzyPID regulator is also designed for a PMDC motor driven welding WFS system. Which will then control thewire feed rate of the welding WFS system. Furthermore, the dynamic reaction of the proposed solar PVWFS depends on the coefficients of these FO-Fuzzy-PID regulators, which are adjusted by a meta-heuristictuning algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. The proposed strategy is testedusing MATLAB simulations and experimentally verified in real-time on a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)testing platform using a dSPACE®1104 board-based laboratory setup. Simulation and experimental resultsare acceptable and demonstrate the effectiveness, precision, stability, and dynamic reaction of the suggestedoptimized wire feeder regulating system and the considered intelligent P&O MPPT technique. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Buck converter, fractional-order fuzzy PID regulator, MPPT technique, PSO algorithm, PV module, wire feeder system (WFS).
An Enhanced MPPT Method CombiningFractional-Order and Fuzzy Logic PIDController for a Photovoltaic-Wire FeederSystem (PV-WFS)
The use of photovoltaic (PV) module as a power source for wirefeeder systems (WFSs) of arc welding machines is one of the promisingdomains in the solar PV applications. This paper provides a new kind of weldingWFS and investigates the PV penetrated power systems. The considered systemconsists of a PV module, a DC-DC buck converter, and PMDC motor. Thepower of the PV-WFS can be widely enhanced by using a Fractional-orderFuzzy PID (FO-Fuzzy-PID) controller based P&O MPPT algorithm. In thiswork, a FO-Fuzzy-PID controller is also proposed for PMDC motor drivenWFS. This will lead consequently to optimize the mechanical motor speed of theWFS. The dynamic response of the PV-WFS relies upon the parameters of theseFO-Fuzzy-PID controllers, which are optimized by using Particle SwarmOptimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulation results found are satisfactory andprove the stability, accuracy and dynamic response of the synthesized optimizedwire feeder regulating system and the proposed intelligent MPPT algorithm. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Solar photovoltaic (PV) module, Wire feeder system (WFS), Arc welding machines, DC-DC buck converter, MPPT control, FO-Fuzzy PID controller, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm
Sensorless Control of DC-DC Converter Using Integral State Feedback Controller and Luenberger Observer
This paper presents a design of linear state feedback control of DC-DC Boost converters, in order to achieve a particular desired behavior. To guarantee a zero steady state error, we introduce an integral action, which will work out this problem by assuring that the steady state error will end up to zero. If it is supposed that both the voltage and current are measured, so much more sensors are needed then and consequently causing a high cost, so that to estimate the voltage and current with a low cost and less complexity it is preferred to introduce a state observer. An observer or estimator is a dynamic system that uses the available information on a real system, according to the inputs and outputs of the real process and estimate the system state. Simulations results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Boost converter, observer, Static error, Feedback control
State Feedback Control of DC-DC Converter Using LQR Integral Controller and Kalman Filter Observer
In this paper, the linear state feedback control using LQR controller for a DC/DC converter in the case of negative voltages topology is presented in order to achieve a particular desired behavior. To guarantee a zero steady-state error, we introduce an integral action, which will work out this problem by assuring that the steady-state error will end up to zero. For filtering and state estimation with a low cost and less complexity a state observer is obtained based a Kalman Filter observer. Detailed simulation study is presented to demonstrating the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Linear quadratic regulator, DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter, Kalman filter, Static error