Génie électrique
Arc Welding Current Control Using Thyristor Based Three-Phase Rectifiers Applied to Gas Metal Arc Welding Connected to Grid Network
The purpose of the welding operation is to ensure the continuity of the materials to be assembled in large industrial sectors. This study aims to suggest a topology of the Thyristor based three-phase rectifiers applied to the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process connected to the grid network, the output currents are controlled and using various pulsed forms such as square, annealing, and spike pulse operations and investigate and compare between the effects of the three references welding currents structures on the welding current, welding voltage, droplet diameter, and welding quality. To have the best pulse operation, the amplitude and frequency are kept the same for all operations, the application of meshing graphs in the references of welding currents structures, welding current, welding voltage, and droplet diameter can illustrate a clear comparison between them. The simulation results show that the square pulse operation is the best among them. The Single-Sided Amplitude Spectrum (SSAS) method is also applied to the welding current and droplet diameter of the three operations under slow and rapid droplet detachment rates to estimate the droplet detachment frequency. The results show the great success of the SSAS in estimating the precise frequency. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Gas Metal Arc Welding, three-phase rectifier, grid network, SSAS method, welding current, welding voltage, droplet diameter, detachment frequency
Feedback linearization control based particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking of wind turbine equipped by PMSG connected to the grid
The main problem regarding wind power systems is the major discrepancy between the irregular character of the primary source (wind speed is a random, strongly non-stationary process) and the exigent demands regarding the electrical energy quality. This paper presents a feedback linearization controller based particle swarm optimization for maximum power point tracking of wind turbine equipped by PMSG connected to the grid, the proposed method which aims at maximizing the power captured by WECS. In order to drive the system to the optimal operating point using the selection of the controller parameters with particle swarm optimization. The obtained simulation results with a variable wind profile show an adequate dynamic of the conversion system using the proposed approach. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Wind turbine, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Feedback linearization control, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS)
Particle swarm optimization based sliding mode control of variable speed wind energy conversion system
This paper proposes a particle swarm optimization based sliding mode control of squirrel cage induction generator of a variable speed wind energy conversion system. The key feature of sliding mode control is a wisely chosen sliding surface which allows the turbine to operate more or less close to the optimal regimes characteristic. Optimal control parameters which are the convergence speed to the sliding-mode, the slope of the surface and the switching component amplitude of SMC are determined using particle swarm optimization approach. The simulation results prove the viability of the proposed control structure. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG), Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), Sliding Mode Control (SMC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Particle Swarm Optimization Backstepping Controller for a Grid-Connected PV/Wind Hybrid System.
The current paper investigates Backstepping controller using Particle Swarm Optimization for Photovoltaic "PV"/Wind hybrid system. The tested system was connected to the grid by three-phase inverter commissioned to address current depending on the grid parameters and still deliver its reactive power to zero. Backstepping control is a recursive methodology that uses Lyapunov function which can ensure the system stability. The best selection of Lyapunov function gains values should give a good result. In most of the literatures, the choice was based on the expertise of the studied system using hurwitzienne method considered as heuristic choice. The aim of this work is to propose an optimization using a powerful method commonly called Particle Swarm Optimization "PSO" able to calculate the gains values depending on the grid parameters by minimizing a selected criterion. The simulation results show that the PSO Backstepping controller gives good results shown in the current injected to grid with a small harmonic distortion despite climate change in the wind speed and the irradiation, which also shows the robustness of the applied control. Voir les détails
Mots clés : PV/Wind Grid-Connected, MPPT, Backstepping Controller, PSO, Matlab/Simulink
Fuzzy-PSO controller design for maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic system
Photovoltaic power generation system becomes increasingly important, highly attractive as a clean and renewable energy sources, widely used today in many applications. Recently, researchers have strongly promoted the use of solar energy as a viable source of energy due to its advantages and which it can be integrated into local and regional power supplies. The P–V curve of photovoltaic system exhibits multiple peaks under various conditions of functioning and changes in meteorological conditions which reduces the effectiveness of conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods and the Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is considered to be highly efficient for the solution of complicated problems.In this paper, the application of this approach based MPPT algorithm for Photovoltaic power generation system operating under variable conditions is proposed to optimize and to design an intelligent controller comparing to conventional one. PSO Approaches is considered to select and generate an optimal duty cycle which varies with photovoltaic parameters in order to extract the maximum Power. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can track the maximum power point faster and can improve the performance of the system compared to the conventional method. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), photovoltaic System, Boost, PWM, MPPT, FLC
Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy Conversion System Using Multi-objective grey wolf optimization of Fuzzy-Sliding Mode Controller
Ongoing electricity demand and the increasing growth of population have become necessary to provide alternative and clean sources of energy. Wind energy is one of the most important sustainable energies but the irregular characters of the primary source, which is characterized by a random wind speed variation, makes the process of control is difficult in order to maximize the power. This paper presents a multi objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) of fuzzy sliding mode controller in order to maximize the power captured by wind turbine; meanwhile, the mechanical loads are alleviated for variable speed wind energy conversion system (VS-WECS); firstly, Fuzzy logic theory based sliding mode control is developed by collecting the sliding surface data to reduce the chattering effect caused by the SMC, then the Grey Wolf Optimization is introduced to solve multi-objectives functions of WECS which are extracting the maximum power and alleviation the mechanical loads in order to find the optimal parameters of Fuzzy-Sliding mode controller to drive the conversion system to the optimal operating point. The obtained results are compared with those given by Sliding mode controller and Fuzzy-Sliding mode controller in which our proposed method can ensure a better dynamic behavior of the WECS. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Wind Energy Conversion System WECS, Maximum Power Point Tracking MPTT, Sliding mode control, fuzzy logic control, MO-GWO
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic Energy Conversion System
In order to extract the maximum power from PV system, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is one of the most popular and widely used and it has always been applied in photovoltaic energy conversion system. However, this method exhibits fluctuations among the maximum power point (MPP) due to the nature of unpredicted and changes of the environmental parameters. Therefore, it is significant to include an intelligent controller that can track the maximum peak regardless of parameters variations such as: irradiation and temperature. This paper describes the design and development of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic energy conversion system. The proposed MPPT is simple, flexible, accurate and efficient in maximum photovoltaic power tracking. In this work, MATLAB/Simulink simulation package is used to simulate the performance of the proposed MPPT algorithm. The performance of the proposed PSO algorithm is evaluated by comparing it with the conventional P&O method in terms of tracking speed and accuracy. The simulation results demonstrate that the tracking capability of the PSO algorithm is more efficient, comparing to the traditional one, particularly under parameters variation conditions. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Photovoltaic systems, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), perturb and observe (P&O)
Robust Fuzzy On–Off Synthesis Controller for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy Conversion
Due to the major discrepancy between the exigent demands regarding the electrical energy quality and the irregular nature of the wind, which is characterized by random and instantaneous speed variations, it is vital to determine the optimal operating point that maximizes the efficiency of the obtained electrical energy in the grid from wing generators. The present paper addressed the above-mentioned problem by introducing a fuzzy logic control system in the standard on–off control strategy. The purpose is to maximize the power point tracking of wind energy and to reduce the mechanical loads in which variable wind speed is considered. This idea has the ability to drive the conversion system to its optimal operating point, thereby solving the switching component problem (also referred to as the chattering problem) of the standard on–off control strategy. To examine the validity of the proposed idea, the obtained results are compared with those given by the standard on–off control strategy wherein our method can ensure a better dynamic behavior of the wind energy conversion system. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS), Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Standard and fuzzy on–off controller, Induction generator (IG)
Modeling and Fuzzy MPPT Controller Design for Photovoltaic Module Equipped with a Closed-Loop Cooling System
Electrical energy generated by a photovoltaic (PV) panel depends heavily on two climatic conditions: total solar irradiance and absolute temperature. If high intensity of the solar illumination contributes positively to increasing electrical power, a high degree of absolute temperature has, by contrast, a negative effect on its electrical characteristic. In this paper, the electrical efficiency provided by a conventional PV panel is enhanced using the proposed photovoltaic thermal (PVT) panel. The latter contains serpentines fed by a water tank, which allows cooling its PV cells at high temperature. Accordingly, the desired enhancement needs two main requirements: an efficient PVT panel model that accurately describes the actual PVT panel behavior and an efficient controller that correctly tracks the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). For this reason, a number of experimental test data is firstly recorded from an actual ISOFOTON I-50-PVT module under different climatic conditions. Afterward, the recorded data are fitted by the Curve Fitting Toolbox (CF-Tool), creating therefore a 2-dimensional lookup table, used in the following step. Next, the fuzzy logic control (FLC) strategy is employed to synthesize the proposed MPPT-FLC controller, which should ensure a good extraction of the maximal electrical power. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT-FLC controller based on a 2-dimensional lookup table, the obtained performance is compared, in terms of electrical power and duty cycle, to those provided by an MPPT-FLC controller for a conventional PV panel in various climatic conditions. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Photovoltaic thermal system, 2-Dimensional lookup table, fuzzy logic control, Maximum Power Point Tracking
CONTRIBUTION À LA RÉCONFIGURATION D’ONDULEUR ÀTOLÉRANCE DE PANNE APPLIQUÉE AU PARC ÉOLIEN CONNECTÉAU RÉSEAU ÉLECTRIQUE
Cet article propose une nouvelle technique de diagnostic basée sur les vecteurs de Park associés aux coordonnées polaires pour ladétection et la localisation des défauts de circuit- ouvert (CO), ainsi que l’intégration de l’onduleur reconfigurable à tolérance depanne afin de permettre la continuité de service du système du parc éolien. Le modèle utilisé est celui d'une éolienne à vitessevariable couplée à une génératrice asynchrone à double alimentation (GADA) connecté au réseau électrique via unconvertisseur à tolérance de panne pour améliorer les performances après l’apparition du défaut. Ce convertisseur est utilisé àbase d’IGBT pour l’obtention d’une précision acceptable avec des fréquences de commutation élevées. Ce modèle est bienadapté pour l'observation des harmoniques et la performance dynamique du système de contrôle sur des périodes de tempsrelativement courtes (généralement des centaines de millisecondes à une seconde). Cette méthode permet d'extraire l'énergiemaximale du vent lors d’une faible vitesse du vent en optimisant la vitesse de la turbine tout en minimisant les contraintesmécaniques sur la turbine pendant les rafales de vent. Pour illustrer l’amélioration de diagnostic des défauts en circuit ouvert duconvertisseur à tolérance de panne, plusieurs résultats sont présentés et discutés dans cet article. Voir les détails
Mots clés : Génératrice asynchrone à double alimentation (GADA) Turbine, Onduleur, diagnostic, détection, localisation, Reconfiguration, défaut, Circuit- ouvert, Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).